Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism Essay Example for Free

Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism Essay Distinguish between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The name Theravada means â€Å"the way of the elders.† It is an austere religion that requires solitude, meditation, and self-mastery through which each member hopes to achieve Nirvana. Because of these requirements, the possibility of liberation is limited to a few. Many of its followers are monks and nuns who spend most of their time in meditation and teaching. Theravada Buddhism is sometimes called â€Å"Hinayana Buddhism,† Hinayana meaning â€Å"small vehicles,† but this term is not accepted by followers of the religion (Conze, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, Mahayana means â€Å"large vehicle.† It is a less austere system than Theravada Buddhism and emphasizes liberation for everyone. Many Mahayana Buddhists believe in liberation through good faith and good works. Their object is not only to obtain a personal Nirvana, but to help others to that goal (Mizuno, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mahayana branch has developed a system of ideal Buddhas, or enlightened ones. The most important Buddha is the Amitabha, or Amida, Budhha, to whom members can appeal for deliverance. Some Mahana Buddhists also believe in a goddess, a symbol of compassion, who is called Kwan Yin in China and Kwannon in Japan (Mizuno, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mahayana Buddhists have elaborate temples presided over by priests. They have colorful festivals and solemn rituals. Statues of the various Buddhas and Bodhisattras (Buddhas-to-be) play a part in their worship, but the statues themselves are not worshiped. Mahayana Buddhism is divided into many sects, including Zen, Jodo, Shin, Tendai, and Nichiren Shoshu (Soka Gakkai) (Carrithers, 2003). Reference: Carrithers, Michael. The Buddha (Oxford University 2003). Conze, Edward. A Short History of Buddhism (Allen Unwin, 2002). Mizuno, Kogen. Basic Buddhist Concepts (Tuttle, 2001).

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Objectives: As we know, the objective of Gateau PLC patisserie chain – sale of high-quality food and drinks, cooked individually with use of ingredients of the best quality. Gateau PLC exerts every effort to offer wonderful, tasty and, perhaps, the best food. The main accent in your patisserie chain is quality. The achievement of high quality of your products only possible under accurate observation of whole process’s technology – from purchase of equipment, organization of patisserie’s work, to staff’s skill in cooking. Little deviation from the technology leads to inescapable fall of the quality. Customers’ comments and franchising offers allows you to say that you offer excellent products, which agree international standards. But we think that besides qualitative products you company should accent on teaching staff not only how to cook the best food but teaching them to be attentive, polite and communicable. Your staff should be well known for its kindness, competence and virtuosity. Target: We want to say that, technology of patisserie work and most up-to-date equipment allows you to organize outlet and to offer your high-qualitative products not only in stationary conditions but also in the places where demand for the product is high and conditions for snack bars are low:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In museums and exhibitions;  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In hotels and business centers;  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In airports and railroad stations;  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In supermarkets and molls;  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everywhere, where you can find empty 10-12 square feet and electricity. We want to offer you to orient your supply to those places. Media: Actually we are not yet ready with TV commercial but want to offer nice print advertisement. Here we designed motto and slogan for you patisseries. Even in such conditions we keep:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  our special features, which are unrepeatable design comfortable and kind atmosphere;  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  motto: â€Å"Cleanness, Honesty and Professionalism!†  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  slogan: â€Å"†¦We offer comfort in the city†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Support:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course the best method to boost sales and attract more customers, the method, which can be run simultaneously, is offering discounts and gifts.

Is Kate Minola tamed by the end of “Taming of the Shrew” by William Shakespeare Essay

IntroductionThe Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeares most popular plays. Its wit and comedy revolves around Kate Minola, a strong-willed woman who is seen as a shrew due to her unwillingness to conform to the unwritten rules of lady-hood and Pertruchio who is convinced he was born to tame [Kate]. The most obvious and major question would then be, was Katherine tamed by the end of the play? To be tamed, one would have to be forcibly changed into submissive obedience. A tamed being would obey there master unquestionably in order to obtain a reward or avoid a punishment. I believe, although Kate has changed by the end of the play, she was not tamed but liberated. Although she acts just as Pertruchio demands, she is not submissive but in fact, has objectives of her own. BodyI would like to start by answering the questions as to why Kate is stark mad or wonderful forward to begin with. Kate has grown up being the loser in a competition with her sister in terms of suitors and the respect of there father. Baptista cherishes Bianca while not even defending Kate on the streets when people insulted, calling her too rough or fiend of hell. At the beginning of Act 2, it can be seen that Kate is jealous of Bianca. On top of that, Baptista automatically assumes that the fight was Kates fault and This combination of her frustration to the fact that that Bianca has an army of suitors while she seemingly will end up alone and the neglect, humiliation and lack of respect from her father can and did undoubtedly pushed her to become the angry person she is. Her isolation and anger is a cycle. Her strong-will and violence pushes people the people around her away, causing her to be more frustrated and angry which furthers her alienation. I believe Pertruchio was not successful in taming her but was successful freeing her of the cycle and showing her all the benefits of a better behavior. Her anger towards herself and others due to loneliness is broken by Pertruchios will to match Kates ferocity and compliment her. This has never happened to her before and I believe it gave her the attention she has always longer for. In the beginning the attention was quite obnoxious especially when it came to Pertruchio and his servants. He was angry and violent towards them much like the way Kate acted before and you can tell that she saw the horror of that behavior. Pertruchio did many things like keep her up and not feed her and after that, she most likely longed for a more peaceful environment and perhaps, if she conformed, she is able to receive better love, love that her father never gave her. I think Pertruchio also showed her that she no longer has to be mad at herself. She has a husband who loves her and therefore, the cycle is broken. Before Kate was focused on challenging the status quo and feeling sorry for herself. Petruccio took both those thoughts from her head and threw them out the window. He taught her that as long as she was happy, she shouldnt care what other people think of her. Like how he showed up at the wedding dressed like a fool. With that she is able to finally fit society show it off for all the people who had no faith in or time for her. Kates true identity is finally revealed and able to shine brightly with Pertruchio by her side. Before Pertruchio, Kate was able to get her way by being violent. However, Pertruchio strong-willed personality will not bend under her old weapon of emotional and physical lashing. I think she realizes this. The situation has already happened and cannot be reversed. She did not get tamed but learned to adapt and fight through other means. Switching up the technique and attacking from the inside. Perhaps, this is what Pertruchio wanted to show her. That by listening to him and being ACTING tamed, she can control the direction of her path. For example, by kiss him, they could stay at the party, by agreeing with the moon, she could go. In the beginning, Kate was refused a cap because she wasnt gentle and when she finally was, she was offered it. Listening to Pertruchio and sacrificing a little bit, she was able to gain a lot. By compromising, she would have the respect of Pertruchio who she could then use to obtain her desires, such as the nice gown and cap. With a strong husband, she could hold more power than she could even dream of under the title of the shrew. To a much larger extent, she can be happy. ConclusionIt is clear that by the end of the play, Kate has changed to a whole new person. But was Pertruchio successful in taming her? I believe he wasnt, however, he was able to show her the advantages of the other side. Pertruchios abusive techniques did not turn her to be submissive and obedient but liberated her of a false personality of unloveliness and violence spawned from her past. By compromising, Kate realized that she is not only able to achieve her materialistic goals like going to her fathers house or a nice gown and cap, but also respect, power and happiness way beyond what she was able to achieve before with anger. All these personal gains lead to conclude that Kate was not tamed but simply changed herself to achieve her own goals. Pertruchio opens her eyes to a life where she does not have to be mean and shrewish. He gave her the opportunity to be her true self without extinguishing her inner spirit and fire. Editors, SparkNotes. The Taming of the Shrew (No Fear Shakespeare) (No Fear Shakespeare). New York: SparkNotes, 2004. Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare, Signet Classic). New York: Signet Classics, 1998. â€Å"SparkNotes: The Taming of the Shrew. † SparkNotes: Most Popular Study Guides. 31 Mar. 2009 .

Charles Robert Darwin and his Revolutionary Ideas

Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. Charles was one of six children and came from a long line of scientists. His grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, created the theory of evolution and his father, Dr. Robert Waring Darwin, was a well known medical doctor in his community. When Charles was 16, in 1825, his father sent him to Edinburgh University to study medicine, in hopes that Charles would also become a medical doctor. However, three years into his studies Charles left Edinburgh University for Christ’s College because he could not tolerate the blood during surgery. It is important to note that anesthesia was not used during this time. In 1831, six years after beginning his studies, Charles†¦show more content†¦Along with joining several prestigious clubs and societies, Darwin received several awards and recognitions for his works in numerous fields. For instance, in 1864 he was honored with the Royal Society’s C opley Medal. Charles Darwin was influential and his theory on Natural Selection spurred societal change. Natural Selection, in society as a whole, turned into Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is based on the same principles as Natural Selection, in that only the ‘fit’ will survive in society. It was mainly used as means to propagate racism and classism, stating that individuals on the fringes of society must be there because they are literally an inferior subspecies of the human race. Darwin was also quite influential in the fields of: â€Å"geology, zoology, taxonomy, botany, paleontology, philosophy, anthropology, psychology, literature, and theology† (Darwin-online.org). 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Not bad for a laddie who started his education at Laurencekirk primary school. Born James Burnett in October 1714 to a minor laird in Monboddo, Kincardineshire, an estate described by James Boswell during his travels with Dr Johnson as a wretched place, wild and naked with a poor old house,† he continued his education at Aberdeen’s Marischal College where he developed his enthusiasm for all things Greek and ancient. He was a great intellectual, though